We still think like Greek philosophers

Thales of Miletus is traditionally named the first Greek philosopher. He explained the natural world without myth, arguing that everything comes from water. Some modern scholars question the title, but it remains the standard answer because he began the search for natural causes instead of divine ones.

They studied nature first, then people, then almost everything. The earliest thinkers asked what the world is made of. Socrates turned to ethics and how to live. Plato and Aristotle later covered politics, knowledge, and logic, and Aristotle also investigated animals and the natural world.

Partly. Plato was a student of Socrates, and Aristotle was a student of Plato, so each learned from the one before. Socrates never taught Aristotle, though. Aristotle studied at Plato's Academy for around twenty years, then opened his own school in Athens, the Lyceum.

The best known were Plato's Academy and Aristotle's Lyceum, followed by the Hellenistic movements of Epicureanism, Stoicism, Cynicism, and Skepticism. Each school taught a distinct way of life with reason at its base. Their criticism of tradition sometimes brought the philosophers political trouble.